Posterior end of male is expanded to a copulatory bursa Has two spicules that do not fuse at their distal ends Has two broad lateral lobes and a smaller dorsal lobe Fleshy rays support both lateral and dorsal lobes Arrangement of rays within bursa is a characteristic for each species A. duodenale: dorsal ray is […]

Disease: Hookworm disease Habitat in human: Small intestine Diagnosis of infection: Microscopic examination of faeces to detect eggs Morphological Features Shape – Cylindrical Colour: Creamy white or grey or reddish brown (when blood is ingested) Cuticle surround body – finely striated transversely Anterior end bent dorsally like a hook Cephalic glands in anterior third of […]

Size: 10-20 mm x 3-7 mm Usually wider than long Testes and vitelline follicles: Numerous and scattered laterally Bilobed ovary – located in middle in posterior third of segment Short, coiled unbranched uterus – seen as a brownish patch in centre of gravid segments Genital pore in centre of segment Separate uterine pore

Disease: Diphyllobothriasis Habitat in human: Small intestine Definitive Host: Human and fish-eating mammals Intermediate Host: Fish and copepods Diagnosis of infection: Microscopic examination of faeces to detect eggs Only important human parasite within the order Pseudophyllidea Morphological Features of Scolex Finger-shaped 02 slit-like sucking grooves (bothria) – one dorsal and other on ventral side No […]

Develops in lung, liver, etc., of intermediate host (sheep, cattle, human) Infective stage to the definitive host, i.e., dog Diagnosis of infection in human: Finding hydatid cyst via imaging and histological techniques or via immunological techniques that detect antibodies Morphological Features Spherical fluid filled (hydatid fluid) structure Size: around 10 mm in diameter Can observe […]

Disease: Echinococcosis (Hydatid Disease) Definitive host: Carnivores, particularly dogs and other canines Intermediate host: Sheep and cattle; humans can be an accidental intermediate host Habitat of adult in definitive host: Small intestine Diagnosis of adult infection: Microscopic examination of dog faeces to detect eggs Morphological Features Size: 3 to 6 mm in total length Scolex […]

Morphological Features of Mature Proglottid Wider than long Genital pores are unilateral; always situated on the left anterior corner of each segment Each mature segment contains three testes and a bilobed ovary Uterus is an irregular sac containing eggs               Morphological Features of Gravid Proglottid Wider than long: 0.2-0.3 […]

Disease: Hymenolepiasis Habitat in human: Small intestine – particularly ileum Definitive host: Human, rodents Intermediate host: Optional; if present, intermediate hosts are arthropods such as fleas and beetles Diagnosis- Microscopic examination of faeces to detect eggs Commonest cestode of human Morphological Features of Scolex Shape: Globular Size: 3 mm in diameter Four cup-shaped suckers Retractable […]

Morphological Features of Mature Proglottid Wider than long Genital pores are unilateral; always situated on the left anterior corner of each segment Each mature segment contains three testes and a bilobed ovary Morphological Features of Gravid Proglottid Wider than long: 0.7-0.8 mm long × 3-4 mm wide Uterus not visible; proglottid is filled with eggs

Disease: Hymenolepiasis Habitat in human: Small intestine Definitive host: Primarily rodents; can infect human accidentally Intermediate host: Arthropods, commonly stored-grain beetles Diagnosis: Microscopic examination of faeces to detect eggs Morphological Features of Scolex Size: 2 -0.4 mm in diameter Shape: Globular or club shaped Four cup-shaped suckers Rostellum is rudimentary; Lacks hooks